WORLD MARKET FOR BIOTECHNOLOGICAL
HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS
(W-1252)
FROST AND SULLIVAN (1990)
TABLE OF CONTENTS TOC.1
LIST OF TABLES TOC.11
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES 1 Introduction. ES.1
ES 2 The Core Biopharmaceutical Technologies. ES.3
ES 2(a) Background. ES.3
ES 2(b) Genetic Engineering. ES.5
ES 2(c) Protein Engineering. ES.7
ES 2(d) Monoclonal Antibody Technology. ES.8
ES 2(e) Other Therapeutic Technologies. ES.10
ES 3 Currently Available Biopharmaceuticals. ES.13
ES 4 Important Forthcoming Biopharmaceuticals. ES.19
ES 5 The Biopharmaceuticals Industry. ES.24
ES 6 Regulatory Climate. ES.26
ES 7 Sales Analyses and Forecasts. ES.28
ES 8 Opportunities and Prospects. ES.29
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION, SCOPE, METHODOLOGY, AND DEFINITIONS
1.1 Introduction. 1.1
1.1.1 Biotechnology and Human Health. 1.1
1.1.2 Classical and Modern Biotechnologies. 1.2
1.1.3 Development of Modern Biotechnology. 1.3
1.1.4 History of the Modern Biotechnology
Industry. 1.4
1.1.5 The Biotechnology Industry Today. 1.5
1.1.6 The Biotechnology Industry and Society. 1.7
1.2 Objectives and Scope of this Report. 1.8
1.2.1 Major Objectives. 1.8
1.2.2 Scope of the Report. 1.9
1.2.3 Report Summary. 1.11
1.3 Research Methodology. 1.13
1.4 Abbreviations and Definitions. 1.15
1.5 Exchange Rates Used in Compiling this Report. 1.18
CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
2.1 Introduction. 2.1
2.2 Proteins. 2.1
2.2.1 Functions of Proteins. 2.1
2.2.2 Structure of Proteins. 2.3
2.2.3 Amino Acids and their Influence on Protein
Structure. 2.4
2.2.4 The Importance of Protein Shape. 2.6
2.3 Nucleic Acids: DNA. 2.8
2.3.1 Introduction. 2.8
2.3.2 The Structure of DNA. 2.9
2.3.3 DNA and Chromosomes. 2.10
2.3.4 Replication of DNA. 2.10
2.4 The Genetic Code. 2.12
2.4.1 Codons. 2.12
2.4.2 Universality of the Genetic Code. 2.12
2.5 Genes. 2.13
2.5.1 The Structure of Genes. 2.13
2.5.2 Non-Coding DNA. 2.14
2.5.3 DNA Utilisation and the Relative Sizes
of Genomes. 2.15
2.6 Nucleic Acids: RNA. 2.16
2.6.1 Introduction. 2.16
2.6.2 Origin of RNA. 2.17
2.6.3 Types of RNA. 2.17
2.6.4 RNA Viruses. 2.20
2.7 Transcription and RNA Processing. 2.20
2.7.1 Transcription as a Regulatory Point in
Gene Expression. 2.20
2.7.2 Termination of Transcription. 2.22
2.7.3 Processing of Newly-Synthesised RNA. 2.23
2.8 Protein Synthesis. 2.25
2.9 Post-translational Processing. 2.26
2.10 Normal Gene Expression: Summary and
Conclusions. 2.28
2.11 Gene Manipulation. 2.30
2.11.1 Introduction. 2.30
2.11.2 Restriction Endonucleases. 2.31
2.11.3 Molecular Cloning. 2.33
2.11.3.1 Vectors. 2.33
2.11.3.2 Production of Recombinant Vectors. 2.34
2.11.3.3 Selection of Recombinant Vectors. 2.35
2.11.3.4 Selection of Vectors Bearing
Required Sequence(s). 2.36
2.11.3.5 DNA Probes. 2.37
2.11.4 Expression of Cloned Genes. 2.39
2.11.4.1 Expression in E. coli. 2.39
2.11.4.2 Expression in Other Micro-organisms. 2.40
2.11.4.3 Expression in Cultured Mammalian Cells. 2.42
2.11.4.4 Expression in Plant Systems. 2.43
2.11.4.5 Gene Expresssion in Transgenic Mammals. 2.44
2.12 Protein Engineering. 2.45
2.12.1 Introduction. 2.45
2.12.2 Oligonucleotide-Directed Mutagenesis. 2.46
2.12.3 Chemical Modification of Proteins. 2.47
2.13 Antibodies. 2.48
2.13.1 Introduction. 2.48
2.13.2 Production of Conventional and Monoclonal
Antibodies. 2.49
2.13.3 The Applications of Antibodies. 2.50
2.13.4 Structure of Antibodies. 2.51
2.13.5 The Major Antibody Classes. 2.52
2.13.6 Vaccination and Immunisation. 2.54
2.13.7 Chemically Modified Antibodies. 2.56
2.13.8 Immunoconjugates. 2.57
2.13.9 Single-Domain Antibodies. 2.58
2.13.10 B and T Lymphocytes. 2.59
2.13.10.1 Introduction. 2.59
2.13.10.2 B and T Lymphocytes in Humoral
Immunity. 2.59
2.13.10.3 T Lymphocytes and Cell-Mediated
Immunity. 2.61
CHAPTER 3 BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
The principal or only entry is denoted by an asterisk
3.1 Introduction. 3.1
3.2 Antianaemic Agents. 3.2
3.2.1 Erythropoietin (EPO)*. 3.2
3.3 Antihaemophilic Agents. 3.5
3.3.1 Introduction. 3.5
3.3.2 Factor VII*. 3.6
3.3.3 Factor VIII*. 3.7
3.3.4 Factor IX*. 3.9
3.3.5 Factor XIII*. 3.10
3.3.6 Tissue Factor*. 3.11
3.3.7 von Willebrand Factor*. 3.11
3.4 Anti-inflammatory Agents. 3.12
3.4.1 Introduction. 3.12
3.4.2 Angiogenic Factors*. 3.14
3.4.3 Inhibitors of Proteolysis*. 3.15
3.4.4 Colony Stimulating Factors. 3.16
3.4.5 Transforming Growth Factors. 3.17
3.4.6 Heparin-Binding Growth Factors*. 3.17
3.4.7 Interferon-gamma. 3.18
3.4.8 Interleukins. 3.18
3.4.9 Lipocortins*. 3.19
3.4.10 Lysozyme*. 3.20
3.4.11 Superoxide Dismutase*. 3.20
3.4.11 Tumour Necrosis Factor. 3.21
3.5 Antineoplastic Agents. 3.22
3.5.1 Introduction. 3.22
3.5.2 Angiogenic Factors. 3.24
3.5.3 Aproliferin*. 3.24
3.5.4 Inhibitors of Proteolysis. 3.25
3.5.5 Colony Stimulating Factors. 3.25
3.5.5.1 Interleukin-3*. 3.26
3.5.5.2 Granulocyte/Macrophage-Colony
Stimulating Factor*. 3.27
3.5.5.3 Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor*. 3.29
3.5.5.4 Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor*. 3.31
3.5.6 Endothelial Cell Growth Factors*. 3.32
3.5.7 Epidermal Growth Factor. 3.32
3.5.8 Erythroid Differentiation Factor*. 3.33
3.5.9 Interleukins. 3.33
3.5.10 Interferons*. 3.34
3.5.10.1 Introduction. 3.34
3.5.10.2 Alpha-Interferon*. 3.36
3.5.10.3 Beta-Interferon*. 3.38
3.5.10.4 Gamma-Interferon*. 3.39
3.5.11 Transforming Growth Factors*. 3.41
3.5.12 Tumour Necrosis Factors*. 3.42
3.5.13 Laminin*. 3.44
3.5.14 Cancer Biotherapies. 3.45
3.5.15 Monoclonal Antibodies. 3.46
3.6 Antithrombotic and Fibrinolytic Agents. 3.49
3.6.1 Introduction. 3.49
3.6.2 Hirudin*. 3.51
3.6.3 Protein C*. 3.52
3.6.4 Protein S*. 3.53
3.6.5 Thrombomodulin*. 3.53
3.6.6 Pro-Urokinase and Urokinase*. 3.53
3.6.7 Streptokinase*. 3.55
3.6.8 Tissue Plasminogen Activator*. 3.56
3.6.9 Antithrombin III*. 3.58
3.7 Antiviral Agents. 3.59
3.7.1 Interferons. 3.59
3.7.2 Tumour Necrosis Factors. 3.60
3.7.3 Antisense Nucleic Acids. 3.60
3.7.4 Recombinant Vaccines. 3.62
3.7.4.1 Introduction. 3.62
3.7.4.2 AIDS. 3.63
3.7.4.3 Hepatitis A. 3.66
3.7.4.4 Hepatitis B. 3.67
3.7.4.5 Hepatitis C. 3.68
3.7.4.6 Other Vaccines. 3.69
3.8 Cardiovascular System-Related Agents. 3.70
3.8.1 Alpha-1-antitrypsin*. 3.70
3.8.2 Angiogenic Factors. 3.72
3.8.3 Apolipoproteins*. 3.72
3.8.4 Atrial Natriuretic Factor*. 3.73
3.8.5 Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide*. 3.74
3.8.6 Lipid Exchange Proteins*. 3.75
3.8.7 Superoxide Dismutase. 3.76
3.9 Growth Factors. 3.76
3.9.1 Nerve Growth Factor*. 3.77
3.9.2 Osteogenic Factors*. 3.78
3.10 Hormone Replacement Therapies. 3.78
3.10.1 Insulin*. 3.78
3.10.2 Proinsulin*. 3.81
3.10.3 Growth Hormone*. 3.82
3.10.4 Calcitonin*. 3.85
3.11 Immunomodulators. 3.86
3.11.1 Colony Stimulating Factors. 3.86
3.11.2 Interferons. 3.87
3.11.3 Interleukins. 3.87
3.11.3.1 Interleukins 1-alpha and 1-beta*. 3.87
3.11.3.2 Interleukin 2*. 3.89
3.11.3.3 Interleukin 4*. 3.91
3.11.3.4 Interleukin 5*. 3.91
3.11.3.5 Interleukin 6*. 3.92
3.11.3.6 Interleukin 7*. 3.93
3.11.4 Tumour Necrosis Factors. 3.93
3.11.5 Other Immunostimulatory Factors. 3.93
3.11.5 Monoclonal Antibodies. 3.94
3.11.5.1 Transplant Rejection. 3.94
3.11.5.2 Septicaemic Shock. 3.96
3.11.6 Catalytic Antibodies. 3.97
3.12 Wound Healing Accelerators. 3.98
3.12.1 Epidermal and Fibroblast Growth Factors
(EGF and FGF)*. 3.99
3.12.2 Platelet-Derived Growth Factor*. 3.102
3.12.3 Transforming Growth Factors*. 3.103
3.12.4 Somatomedins/Insulin-Like Growth
Factors*. 3.104
3.13 Other Biopharmaceuticals. 3.105
3.13.1 Analgesics*. 3.105
3.13.2 Gastrointestinal Agents*. 3.106
3.13.3 Anti-obesity Agents*. 3.107
3.13.4 Respiratory Agents. 3.110
3.13.4.1 Elastase Inhibitors*. 3.110
3.13.4.2 Superoxide Dismutase. 3.112
3.13.4.3 Human Pulmonary Surfactant Protein*. 3.112
3.13.4.4 Atrial Natriuretic Peptide. 3.113
3.13.5 Sex Hormones and Related Products. 3.113
3.13.5.1 Gonadotrophins and their Releasing
Factors*. 3.113
3.13.5.2 Inhibins*. 3.115
3.13.5.3 Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide*. 3.116
CHAPTER 4 COMMERCIAL PROSPECTS FOR HEALTHCARE BIOPRODUCTS.
4.1 Introduction. 4.1
4.2 Patenting in Biotechnology. 4.1
4.2.1 Patents in General. 4.1
4.2.2 What Can be Patented? 4.4
4.2.3 Requirements for Patentability. 4.5
4.2.4 Disclosure of the Invention. 4.7
4.2.5 Types of Invention. 4.7
4.2.6 Survey of US Biotechnology Healthcare
Patents in 1988. 4.10
4.3 Biopharmaceutical Regulatory Climates. 4.12
4.3.1 Drug Regulation in the USA. 4.12
4.3.2 Drug Regulation in Japan. 4.15
4.3.3 Drug Regulation in Western Europe. 4.19
4.4 Market Forecasts. 4.24
4.4.1 Introduction. 4.24
4.4.2 Cardiopulmonary and Blood-Related Products. 4.27
4.4.3 Recombinant Endocrine Hormones. 4.31
4.4.4 Cytokines. 4.32
4.4.5 Growth Factors and Recombinant Enzymes. 4.34
4.4.6 Monoclonal Antibodies and Recombinant
Vaccines. 4.35
CHAPTER 5 COMPANY PROFILES
5.1 Introduction. 5.1
5.2 Abbott Laboratories. 5.4
5.3 ABI Biotechnology Inc. 5.10
5.4 Allelix Biopharmaceuticals. 5.11
5.5 Amgen. 5.15
5.6 Biogen. 5.18
5.7 Biotechnology Australia Pty. 5.22
5.8 Bio-Technology General. 5.24
5.9 British Bio-technology Limited. 5.26
5.10 California Biotechnology. 5.29
5.11 Centocor. 5.32
5.12 Celltech Limited. 5.36
5.13 Cetus. 5.38
5.14 Chiron. 5.41
5.15 Ciba-Geigy. 5.45
5.16 Collaborative Research. 5.46
5.17 Cortecs Limited. 5.49
5.18 Damon Biotech. 5.52
5.19 Genentech Inc. 5.58
5.20 Genetics Institute. 5.62
5.21 Genzyme/Integrated Genetics. 5.64
5.22 Immunex. 5.67
5.23 Innogenetics. 5.70
5.24 Johnson and Johnson. 5.72
5.26 Kabi. 5.74
5.27 Eli Lilly. 5.76
5.28 MicroGeneSys. 5.78
5.29 Novo-Nordisk. 5.80
5.30 Repligen. 5.83
5.31 Roche. 5.86
5.32 Schering-Plough. 5.89
5.33 Transgene. 5.92
5.34 Transgenic Sciences. 5.93
5.35 Xoma. 5.95
CHAPTER 6 OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS FOR BIOPHARMACEUTICALS
6.1 Introduction. 6.1
6.2 Developments in Patenting. 6.2
6.3 Human Genome Mapping. 6.4
6.4 Antisense mRNA and Gene Therapy. 6.7
6.5 Glycobiology. 6.9
6.6 New Drug Delivery Systems. 6.11
6.7 New Gene Expression Systems. 6.13
6.8 New Antibody Technologies. 6.13
6.9 The Neurosciences. 6.14
APPENDIX 1 JOURNALS AND NEWSLETTERS A1.1
APPENDIX 2 TRADE ASSOCIATIONS A2.1
APPENDIX 3 CORPORATE DIRECTORY A3.1
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE ES.1 SUMMARY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY THERAPEUTICS BY
APPLICATION ES.31
TABLE ES.2 SALES OF MAJOR BIOPHARMACEUTICALS IN 1989
AND 1994 ES.35
TABLE ES.3 THE WORLD BIOPHARMACEUTICALS MARKET BY
COUNTRY IN 1989 AND 1994 ES.38
TABLE ES.4 SUMMARY OF BIOPHARMACEUTICALS BY
DEVELOPING COMPANY ES.39
TABLE 3.1 SUMMARY OF LAUNCHED BIOPHARMACEUTICAL
PRODUCTS 3.117
TABLE 4.1 SIGNIFICANT BIOTECNHOLOGY PATENT LITIGATION
IN 1988 4.3
TABLE 4.2 WORLD PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET IN 1989 4.37
TABLE 4.3 SUMMARY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY THERAPEUTICS BY
APPLICATION 4.38
TABLE 4.4 WORLD MARKET FOR CARDIOPULMONARY AND
BLOOD-RELATED PRODUCTS 1989-1994 4.42
TABLE 4.5 WORLD MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT ENDOCRINE
HORMONES 1989-1994 4.43
TABLE 4.6 WORLD MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT CYTOKINES
1989-1994 4.44
TABLE 4.7 WORLD MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT GROWTH
FACTORS AND ENZYMES 1989-1994 4.45
TABLE 4.8 WORLD MARKET FOR MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-BASED
BIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND RECOMBINANT
VACCINES 1989-1994 4.46
TABLE 4.9 AUSTRALIAN MARKET FOR CARDIOPULMONARY AND
BLOOD-RELATED PRODUCTS 1989-1994 4.47
TABLE 4.10 AUSTRALIAN MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT
ENDOCRINE HORMONES 1989-1994 4.48
TABLE 4.11 AUSTRALIAN MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT CYTOKINES
1989-1994 4.49
TABLE 4.12 AUSTRALIAN MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT GROWTH
FACTORS AND ENZYMES 1989-1994 4.50
TABLE 4.13 AUSTRALIAN MARKET FOR MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODY-BASED BIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND
RECOMBINANT VACCINES 1989-1994 4.51
TABLE 4.14 BELGIAN MARKET FOR CARDIOPULMONARY AND
BLOOD-RELATED PRODUCTS 1989-1994 4.52
TABLE 4.15 BELGIAN MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT ENDOCRINE
HORMONES 1989-1994 4.53
TABLE 4.16 BELGIAN MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT
CYTOKINES 1989-1994 4.54
TABLE 4.17 BELGIAN MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT GROWTH
FACTORS AND ENZYMES 1989-1994 4.55
TABLE 4.18 BELGIAN MARKET FOR MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODY-BASED BIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND
RECOMBINANT VACCINES 1989-1994 4.56
TABLE 4.19 CANADIAN MARKET FOR CARDIOPULMONARY AND
BLOOD-RELATED PRODUCTS 1989-1994 4.57
TABLE 4.20 CANADIAN MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT
ENDOCRINE HORMONES 1989-1994 4.58
TABLE 4.21 CANADIAN MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT
CYTOKINES 1989-1994 4.59
TABLE 4.22 CANADIAN MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT GROWTH
FACTORS AND ENZYMES 1989-1994 4.60
TABLE 4.23 CANADIAN MARKET FOR MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODY-BASED BIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND
RECOMBINANT VACCINES 1989-1994 4.61
TABLE 4.24 FRENCH MARKET FOR CARDIOPULMONARY AND
BLOOD-RELATED PRODUCTS 1989-1994 4.62
TABLE 4.25 FRENCH MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT ENDOCRINE
HORMONES 1989-1994 4.63
TABLE 4.26 FRENCH MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT CYTOKINES
1989-1994 4.64
TABLE 4.27 FRENCH MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT GROWTH
FACTORS AND ENZYMES 1989-1994 4.65
TABLE 4.28 FRENCH MARKET FOR MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODY-BASED BIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND
RECOMBINANT VACCINES 1989-1994 4.66
TABLE 4.29 ITALIAN MARKET FOR CARDIOPULMONARY AND
BLOOD-RELATED PRODUCTS 1989-1994 4.67
TABLE 4.30 ITALIAN MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT ENDOCRINE
HORMONES 1989-1994 4.68
TABLE 4.31 ITALIAN MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT CYTOKINES
1989-1994 4.69
TABLE 4.32 ITALIAN MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT GROWTH
FACTORS AND ENZYMES 1989-1994 4.70
TABLE 4.33 ITALIAN MARKET FOR MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODY-BASED BIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND
RECOMBINANT VACCINES 1989-1994 4.71
TABLE 4.34 JAPANESE MARKET FOR CARDIOPULMONARY AND
BLOOD-RELATED PRODUCTS 1989-1994 4.72
TABLE 4.35 JAPANESE MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT ENDOCRINE
HORMONES 1989-1994 4.73
TABLE 4.36 JAPANESE MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT CYTOKINES
1989-1994 4.74
TABLE 4.37 JAPANESE MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT GROWTH
FACTORS AND ENZYMES 1989-1994 4.75
TABLE 4.38 JAPANESE MARKET FOR MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODY-BASED BIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND
RECOMBINANT VACCINES 1989-1994 4.76
TABLE 4.39 NETHERLANDS MARKET FOR CARDIOPULMONARY AND
BLOOD-RELATED PRODUCTS 1989-1994 4.77
TABLE 4.40 NETHERLANDS MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT
ENDOCRINE HORMONES 1989-1994 4.78
TABLE 4.41 NETHERLANDS MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT
CYTOKINES 1989-1994 4.79
TABLE 4.42 NETHERLANDS MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT GROWTH
FACTORS AND ENZYMES 1989-1994 4.80
TABLE 4.43 NETHERLANDS MARKET FOR MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODY-BASED BIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND
RECOMBINANT VACCINES 1989-1994 4.81
TABLE 4.44 SCANDINAVIAN MARKET FOR CARDIOPULMONARY AND
BLOOD-RELATED PRODUCTS 1989-1994 4.82
TABLE 4.45 SCANDINAVIAN MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT
ENDOCRINE HORMONES 1989-1994 4.83
TABLE 4.46 SCANDINAVIAN MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT
CYTOKINES 1989-1994 4.84
TABLE 4.47 SCANDINAVIAN MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT GROWTH
FACTORS AND ENZYMES 1989-1994 4.85
TABLE 4.48 SCANDINAVIAN MARKET FOR MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODY-BASED BIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND
RECOMBINANT VACCINES 1989-1994 4.86
TABLE 4.49 SPANISH MARKET FOR CARDIOPULMONARY AND
BLOOD-RELATED PRODUCTS 1989-1994 4.87
TABLE 4.50 SPANISH MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT ENDOCRINE
HORMONES 1989-1994 4.88
TABLE 4.51 SPANISH MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT CYTOKINES
1989-1994 4.89
TABLE 4.52 SPANISH MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT GROWTH
FACTORS AND ENZYMES 1989-1994 4.90
TABLE 4.53 SPANISH MARKET FOR MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODY-BASED BIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND
RECOMBINANT VACCINES 1989-1994 4.91
TABLE 4.54 UK MARKET FOR CARDIOPULMONARY AND
BLOOD-RELATED PRODUCTS 1989-1994 4.92
TABLE 4.55 UK MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT ENDOCRINE
HORMONES 1989-1994 4.93
TABLE 4.56 UK MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT CYTOKINES
1989-1994 4.94
TABLE 4.57 UK MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT GROWTH
FACTORS AND ENZYMES 1989-1994 4.95
TABLE 4.58 UK MARKET FOR MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-BASED
BIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND RECOMBINANT
VACCINES 1989-1994 4.96
TABLE 4.59 US MARKET FOR CARDIOPULMONARY AND
BLOOD-RELATED PRODUCTS 1989-1994 4.97
TABLE 4.60 US MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT ENDOCRINE
HORMONES 1989-1994 4.98
TABLE 4.61 US MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT CYTOKINE
1989-1994 4.99
TABLE 4.62 US MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT GROWTH
FACTORS AND ENZYMES 1989-1994 4.100
TABLE 4.63 US MARKET FOR MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-BASED
BIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND RECOMBINANT
VACCINES 1989-1994 4.101
TABLE 4.64 WEST GERMAN MARKET FOR CARDIOPULMONARY
AND BLOOD-RELATED PRODUCTS 1989-1994 4.102
TABLE 4.65 WEST GERMAN MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT
ENDOCRINE HORMONES 1989-1994 4.103
TABLE 4.66 WEST GERMAN MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT
CYTOKINES 1989-1994 4.104
TABLE 4.67 WEST GERMAN MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT
GROWTH FACTORS AND ENZYMES 1989-1994 4.105
TABLE 4.68 WEST GERMAN MARKET FOR MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODY-BASED BIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND
RECOMBINANT VACCINES 1989-1994 4.106
TABLE 4.69 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR CARDIOPULMONARY
AND BLOOD-RELATED PRODUCTS 1989-1994 4.107
TABLE 4.70 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT
ENDOCRINE HORMONES 1989-1994 4.108
TABLE 4.71 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT
CYTOKINES 1989-1994 4.109
TABLE 4.72 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR RECOMBINANT
GROWTH FACTORS AND ENZYMES 1989-1994 4.110
TABLE 4.73 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODY-BASED BIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND
RECOMBINANT VACCINES 1989-1994 4.111
TABLE 5.1 THE TOP TEN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES
WORLDWIDE IN 1988 BY SALES VOLUME 5.5
TABLE 5.2 THE TOP TEN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES
WORLDWIDE IN 1988 BY % SALES GROWTH OVER 1987 5.6
TABLE 5.3 THE TOP TEN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES IN
1988 BY SPENDING ON PHARMACEUTICAL R&D 5.7
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