Publications by Biophoenix' Principals

Veterinary Immunodiagnostics
Publisher:PJB Publications Ltd
Year of publication:2000
Type of publication:Management report
Publisher's reference (if any):SR199E
Author(s):Sreten Bogdanovic and Beata Langlands
Approximate page count:180
Price when published:£395
Remarks:
  1. Page numbers, where given, refer to the draft manuscript (which may differ from the published version).
  2. The copyright in this report is owned by the publisher, to whom any requests for copies should be addressed.
                    Veterinary Immunodiagnostics - A Global Survey
                                 An Animal Pharm Report

                                   TABLE OF CONTENTS

     TABLE OF CONTENTS

     LIST OF TABLES

     EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

     CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION TO THE WORLD MARKET (16 pages)

     1.1  Scope of this report 

     1.2  A background of immunoassay technology

         1.2.1  Introduction 
         1.2.2  Antisera and antibodies 
         1.2.3  Precipitation-based immunoassays
         1.2.4  Immunodiffusion
         1.2.5  Immunoelectrophoresis and western blotting 
         1.2.6  Labelling technologies 
         1.2.7  Competitive immunoassays
         1.2.8  Quantification of competitive immunoassay results
             1.2.8.1  Solid phase separation methods 
             1.2.8.2  Homogeneous (non-separation) immunoassays 
         1.2.9  Sandwich immunoassays
         1.2.10  Alternate-site immunoassays 
         1.2.11  Measurement of specific antibodies (instead of Ags)
         1.2.12  Protection of intellectual property rights 
         1.2.13  Immunoassays and DNA assays

     1.3  Market sizes and market breakdowns

         1.3.1  Market overview 
         1.3.2  Supplier structure
         1.3.3  Customer characteristics
         1.3.4  Quantitative analysis

     1.4  Government regulation of veterinary diagnostic products

     1.5  Market drivers 

         1.5.1  Technological developments 
         1.5.2  Growth in companion animal markets 
         1.5.3  Emerging markets 
             1.5.3.1  Point-of-care testing market 
             1.5.3.2  Food testing market
         1.5.4  Public research bodies and links with commercial companies 

     CHAPTER 2 - MAJOR ANIMAL SPECIES AND ASSOCIATED DIAGNOSTICS (30 pages)

     2.1  Introduction 

     2.2  Cattle 

         2.2.1  Foot and mouth disease 
         2.2.2  Respiratory and enteric illness 
         2.2.3  Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis 
         2.2.4  Pathologies affecting the genital tract 
         2.2.5  Bovine leukosis 
         2.2.6  Lower respiratory tract infection
         2.2.7  Bovine viral diarrhoea 
         2.2.8  Malignant catarrhal fever
         2.2.9  Rinderpest
         2.2.10  Bovine parainfluenza 
         2.2.11  Bovine brucellosis
         2.2.12  Pneumonia 
         2.2.13  Leptospirosis 
         2.2.14  Jöhne's disease 
         2.2.15  Tuberculosis 
         2.2.16  Digital dermatitis
         2.2.17  Coliform mastitis
         2.2.18  Mycoplasmal mastitis 
         2.2.19  Myiasis 
         2.2.20  Cattle grubs (warbles) 
         2.2.21  Neosporosis 
         2.2.22  Fascioliosis (liver fluke) 
         2.2.23  Bovine spongiform encephalopathy 
         2.2.24  Neonatal gastroenteritis 
         2.2.25  Reproductive status
         2.2.26  Immune status 

     2.3  Sheep and goats 

         2.3.1  Progressive pneumonia 
         2.3.2  Peste de petits ruminants
         2.3.3  Bluetongue 
         2.3.4  Spontaneous abortion 
         2.3.5  Ovine Jöhne's disease 
         2.3.6  Border disease 
         2.3.7  Q-fever
         2.3.8  Fascioliosis (liver fluke) 

     2.4  Pigs 

         2.4.1  Vomiting and wasting disease 
         2.4.2  Classical swine fever (hog cholera)
         2.4.3  Post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome 
         2.4.4  Porcine respiratory and encephalitis syndrome (barking pig syndrome) 
         2.4.5  Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome 
         2.4.6  Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) 
         2.4.7  Pleuropneumonia 
         2.4.8  Ileitis 
         2.4.9  Mycoplasmal pneumonia
         2.4.10  Pregnancy status

     2.5  Poultry 

         2.5.1  Myeloid leukosis 
         2.5.2  Infectious bronchitis 
         2.5.3  Rhinotracheitis (turkeys), swollen head syndrome (chickens)
         2.5.4  Newcastle disease
         2.5.5  Egg drop syndrome
         2.5.6  Marek's disease
         2.5.7  Chlamydiosis 
         2.5.8  Fowl cholera 
         2.5.9  Respiratory disease
         2.5.10  Infectious sinusitis (turkeys) and chronic respiratory disease (chickens) 

     2.6  Horses 

         2.6.1  Equine encephalitis 
         2.6.2  Equine infectious anaemia 
         2.6.3  Equine arteritis 
         2.6.4  Contagious equine metritis
         2.6.5  Potomac horse fever 
         2.6.6  Immunity status 
         2.6.7  Performance status

     2.7  Fish 

         2.7.1  Haemorrhagic septicaemia 
         2.7.2  Infectious haematopoietic necrosis 
         2.7.3  Infectious pancreatic necrosis
         2.7.4  Spring viraemia of carp 
         2.7.5  Bacterial infections

     2.8  Dogs

         2.8.1  Gastroenteritis 
         2.8.2  Rabies 
         2.8.3  Canine distemper 
         2.8.4  Canine herpesvirus infection 
         2.8.5  Borreliosis (Lyme disease)
         2.8.6  Brucellosis 
         2.8.7  Leptospirosis 
         2.8.8  Canine ehrlichiosis 
         2.8.9  Myiasis 
         2.8.10  Visceral leishmaniasis 
         2.8.11  Neosporosis 
         2.8.12  Filariasis 
         2.8.13  Hypothyroidism
         2.8.14  Reproductive status
         2.8.15  Chief cell adenoma or carcinoma
         2.8.16  Allergy 
         2.8.17  Von Willebrand's disease
         2.8.18  Urinary and bladder cancer
         2.8.19  Blood type determination

     2.9  Cats 

         2.9.1  Feline leukaemia 
         2.9.2  Acquired immunodeficiency 
         2.9.3  Feline infectious peritonitis
         2.9.4  Feline panleukopaenia 
         2.9.5  Feline calicivirus infection
         2.9.6  Feline viral rhinotracheitis
         2.9.7  Feline pneumonitis
         2.9.8  Toxoplasmosis 
         2.9.9  Filariasis
         2.9.10  Hyperthyroidism
         2.9.11  Blood type determination

     2.10  Various species: monitoring of hormone levels 

     2.11  Food immunodiagnostics: major targets 

         2.11.1  Campylobacter 
         2.11.2  Clostridium perfringens 
         2.11.3  Eschericia coli O157:H7
         2.11.4  Listeria 
         2.11.5  Salmonella 
         2.11.6  Vibrio parahaemolyticus

     2.12  Determination of drug residues in foods of animal origin 

     CHAPTER 3 - IMMUNODIAGNOSTIC PRODUCERS (80 pages)

     3.1 Company profiles 

         3.1.1 Abaxis Inc 
             3.1.1.1 Company background 
             3.1.1.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.2 Abbott Laboratories 
             3.1.2.1 Company background 
             3.1.2.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.3 Agen Biomedical Ltd 
             3.1.3.1 Company background 
             3.1.3.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.4 Agrolabo SpA 
             3.1.4.1 Company background 
             3.1.4.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.5 ALerCHEK Inc
             3.1.5.1 Company background 
             3.1.5.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.6 Binax Inc 
             3.1.6.1 Company background 
             3.1.6.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.7 Biocor Animal Health 
             3.1.7.1 Company background 
             3.1.7.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.8 Biogal-Galed Labs 
             3.1.8.1 Company background 
             3.1.8.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.9 Bionor AS 
             3.1.9.1 Company background 
             3.1.9.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products
         3.1.10 Biotech Australia Pty Ltd
             3.1.10.1 Company background 
             3.1.10.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products
         3.1.11 Biovet Inc 
             3.1.11.1 Company background 
             3.1.11.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.12 BioVet-UCO 
             3.1.12.1 Company background 
             3.1.12.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.13 Bio-X Sprl 
             3.1.13.1 Company background 
             3.1.13.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.14 Cambridge Biotech Corporation 
             3.1.14.1 Company background 
             3.1.14.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.15 Charles River Laboratories Inc 
             3.1.15.1 Company background 
             3.1.15.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.16 Chembio Diagnostic Systems Inc
             3.1.16.1 Company background 
             3.1.16.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.17 Cypress Diagnostics CV 
             3.1.17.1 Company background
             3.1.17.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.18 Diagnostic Products Corporation 
             3.1.18.1 Company background 
             3.1.18.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.19 DMS Laboratories Inc 
             3.1.19.1 Company background 
             3.1.19.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.20 DRG Instruments GmbH 
             3.1.20.1 Company background 
             3.1.20.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.21 Elanco Animal Health 
             3.1.21.1 Company background 
             3.1.21.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.22 Enfer Scientific 
             3.1.22.1 Company background 
             3.1.22.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.23 Euro-Diagnostica BV 
             3.1.23.1 Company background 
             3.1.23.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic kits
         3.1.24 Exiqon A/S 
             3.1.24.1 Company background 
             3.1.24.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.25 Guildhay Ltd 
             3.1.25.1 Company background 
             3.1.25.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.26 Haemosan GesmbH 
             3.1.26.1 Company background 
             3.1.26.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.27 Heska Corporation
             3.1.27.1 Company background 
             3.1.27.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.28 IDEXX Laboratories Inc
             3.1.28.1 Company background 
             3.1.28.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.29 ImmuCell Corporation 
             3.1.29.1 Company background 
             3.1.29.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.30 Immunodiagnostic Systems (IDS) Ltd 
             3.1.30.1 Company background 
             3.1.30.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.31 Immuno-Chemical Products Ltd
             3.1.31.1 Company background 
             3.1.31.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.32 Kirkegaard & Perry Laboratories Inc 
             3.1.32.1 Company background 
             3.1.32.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.33 Mast Group Ltd 
             3.1.33.1 Company background 
             3.1.33.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.34 MegaCor Diagnostik GmbH 
             3.1.34.1 Company background 
             3.1.34.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.35 Meridian Diagnostics Inc 
             3.1.35.1 Company background 
             3.1.35.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.36 Midland Bioproducts Corp 
             3.1.36.1 Company background 
             3.1.36.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.37 Neogen Inc 
             3.1.37.1 Company background 
             3.1.37.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.38 Prionics AG 
             3.1.38.1 Company background 
             3.1.38.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.39 Protherics plc 
             3.1.39.1 Company background 
             3.1.39.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.40 Schering-Plough Corporation 
             3.1.40.1 Company background 
             3.1.40.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic kits 
         3.1.41 Silver Lake Research Corp 
             3.1.41.1 Company background 
             3.1.41.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.42 Synbiotics Corporation 
             3.1.42.1 Company background 
             3.1.42.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.43 Syracuse Bioanalytical Inc 
             3.1.43.1 Company background 
             3.1.43.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.44 TEST-Line Clinical Diagnostics Ltd 
             3.1.44.1 Company background 
             3.1.44.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.45 Theratechnologies 
             3.1.45.1 Company background 
             3.1.45.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products
         3.1.46 TropBio Pty Ltd
             3.1.46.1 Company background
             3.1.46.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products
         3.1.47 Veterinary Diagnostic Technology Inc 
             3.1.47.1 Company background 
             3.1.47.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.48 Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA) 
             3.1.48.1 Company background 
             3.1.48.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.49 Vetoquinol SA
             3.1.49.1 Company background 
             3.1.49.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.50 Viral Ags Inc 
             3.1.50.1 Company background 
             3.1.50.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 
         3.1.51 VMRD Inc 
             3.1.51.1 Company background 
             3.1.51.2 Veterinary immunodiagnostic products 

     CHAPTER 4 - IMMUNODIAGNOSTIC PRODUCTS (24 pages)

     CHAPTER 5 - TRENDS AND OPPORTUNITIES (6 pages)

     5.1 Major growth areas with respect to target animals and diseases 

         5.1.1 Major growth areas with respect to commercial animals 
         5.1.2 Major growth areas with respect to companion animals 

     5.2 Major growth areas with respect to prevention of human disease

         5.2.1 Food-borne zoonotic diseases 
         5.2.2 Other zoonotic diseases 

     5.3 Examples of zoonoses carried by cattle 

         5.3.1 Viral diseases 
         5.3.2 Rickettsial diseases
         5.3.3 Fungal diseases 
         5.3.4 Parasitic diseases:
             5.3.4.1 Protozoans 
             5.3.4.2 Trematodes 
         5.3.4.3 Cestodes 
         5.3.4.4 Nematodes 

     5.4 Examples of zoonoses carried by dogs 

         5.4.1 Viral diseases 
         5.4.2 Bacterial diseases
         5.4.3 Rickettsial diseases
         5.4.4 Fungal diseases 
         5.4.5 Parasitic diseases
             5.4.5.1 Protozoans 
             5.4.5.2 Trematodes 
             5.4.5.3 Cestodes
             5.4.5.4 Nematodes
             5.4.5.5 Arthropods

     5.5 Examples of zoonoses carried by cats 

         5.5.1 Bacterial diseases
         5.5.2 Rickettsial diseases
         5.5.3 Fungal diseases 
         5.5.4 Parasitic diseases
             5.5.4.1 Protozoans 
             5.5.4.2 Trematodes 
             5.5.4.3 Cestodes
             5.5.4.4 Nematodes 
             5.5.4.5 Arthropods 

     5.6 Major growth areas with respect to new technologies 

         5.6.1 Rapid point-of-care immunodiagnostics 
         5.6.2 DNA diagnostics 

     5.7 Market projections by target animals and geographical regions 

     LIST OF TABLES

     TABLE ES1  Veterinary immunodiagnostics league table
     TABLE ES2  Veterinary immunodiagnostic market in 1999 by
                geographical region
     TABLE ES3  Veterinary immunodiagnostic market in 1999 by
                business segment

     TABLE 1.1  Veterinary diagnostic market in 1999 by
                geographical region
     TABLE 1.2  Veterinary immunodiagnostic market in 1999 by
                business segment
     TABLE 1.3  Total companion and consumption animal population
                worldwide

     TABLE 2.1  Cattle: Diseases and other applications
     TABLE 2.2  Sheep/Goat: Diseases and other applications
     TABLE 2.3  Pig: Diseases and other applications
     TABLE 2.4  Poultry: Diseases and other applications
     TABLE 2.5  Horse: Diseases and other applications
     TABLE 2.6  Fish: Diseases and other applications
     TABLE 2.7  Dog: Diseases and other applications
     TABLE 2.8  Cat: Diseases and other applications
     TABLE 2.9  Foodborne bacteria - Major targets

     TABLE 3.1  Veterinary immunodiagnostics league table

     TABLE 4.1  Cattle: Immunodiagnostic products
     TABLE 4.2  Sheep/Goat: Immunodiagnostic products
     TABLE 4.3  Pig: Immunodiagnostic products
     TABLE 4.4  Poultry: Immunodiagnostic products
     TABLE 4.5  Horse: Immunodiagnostic products
     TABLE 4.6  Fish: Immunodiagnostic products
     TABLE 4.7  Rabit: Immunodiagnostic products
     TABLE 4.8  Dog: Immmunodiagnostic products
     TABLE 4.9  Cat: Immunodiagnostic products
     TABLE 4.10  Immunodiagnostic Tests Applicable
                 To Multiple Species
     TABLE 4.11  Immunodiagnostic Tests For Foodborne
                 Bacteria And Drug Residues
     TABLE 5.1  Examples of zoonoses carried by cattle
     TABLE 5.2  Examples of zoonoses carried by dogs
     TABLE 5.3  Examples of zoonoses carried by cats
     TABLE 5.4  Veterinary immunodiagnostic market in 1999
                and 2005 by geographical region, not counting
                inflation
     TABLE 5.5  Veterinary immunodiagnostic market in 1999
                and 2005 by business segment, not counting
                inflation

     ABBREVIATIONS

     GLOSSARY OF TERMS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (Condensed by PJB)

In 1999, diagnostics comprised around 6% of the total animal health market, ie $900 million. This is barely half of the equivalent contribution of diagnostics to human healthcare, which may in itself indicate some growth potential. Within the diagnostics segment, immunodiagnostics accounted for some 40% of sales (ie $360 million). The remainder was made up of clinical chemistry tests, bacteriology tests, and DNA diagnostics. For the purposes of comparison, sales of in vitro human diagnostics during the same year (1999) were $15 billion, of which immunodiagnostics comprised 33%.

The outlook for veterinary diagnostics (together with biological/biotechnological therapies such as vaccines and genomic products, alongside which they are usually regulated) is brighter than the generally lacklustre prospects for the rest of the animal health industry. In the developed world - which accounts for most of the market volume - farmers and industry regulators are becoming increasingly disenchanted with traditional chemical therapies, including medicated feed additives (which have been caught up in current debates on resistance to bacteria, and the exposure of consumers to hormones). The size of the veterinary immunodiagnostics market is forecast to grow by 50%, to a total value of $548.5 million in 2005.

Most of the veterinary immunodiagnostic market (85%) is concentrated in the US and Europe (mainly Western Europe). This is reflected in the regional distribution of the 51 companies profiled in this report, 86% of which have their headquarters in the US and 12 Western European countries. In the US and Western Europe, the market is further skewed by a particularly strong companion animal segment. This segment is strong because pet owners in the developed world view their pets as members of their families, and are prepared to expend significant resources on their care and treatment. Thus, not only is there a relatively high rate of tests per animal, but the cost per test is above average also.

The immunodiagnostic tests discussed in this report cover infectious diseases, endocrine conditions and miscellaneous other applications. The range of analytes is extensive, but most are niche products with low sales volumes and limited supplier competition. Among the most important (and competitive) immunodiagnostic product areas are test kits for: Brucella abortus (bovine), bovine leukaemia, equine infectious anaemia, progesterone (various species), heartworm (canine and feline), Borrelia burgdorferi (canine), feline leukaemia virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus. Sales of heartworm diagnostics are some $50 million worldwide.

Testing of food production animals is not restricted to live animals, but extends to testing of animal products like milk and animal carcasses. For this reason, food safety immunodiagnostics also receive some consideration in this report. They contribute to the total market for food safety diagnostic tests which is expected to be in excess of $500 million within the next few years. Tests for foodborne bacteria, such as Salmonella, are expected to account for more than 60% of that total market.



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